Along with your ISO set to a comparatively slow speed (ISO 100 or 200), take a meter reading of the subject with your camera's exposure mode set to either shutter-priority or manual mode. The impact is most pronounced whenever you zoom by means of the whole focal range, so decide on a somewhat slow shutter speed - ideally 1/8 second or longer. To create the exposure, basically press the shutter button with one particular hand and twist the zoom through its focal range together with the other. Coordinating both hands on the two controls takes some practice, but the slower the shutter speed, the far more time you might have to unravel the logistics.
Whenever you use a telephoto lens, you aren't truly getting close to your subject. You are just expanding the horizon. Some photographers use the telephoto effect for inventive purposes. City scapes, when taken with a telephoto lens, have an additional element of eeriness and conformity. There are plenty of methods to work with this flattening effect for your new picture. Whereas lenses used in cinematography and video applications are required to sustain focus even though the focal length is altered, there's no such standard for still photography, even if a zoom lens is employed as a projection lens. Considering that it is tougher to develop a lens that will not change focus, but has similar image quality as one that does makes finding the latter much more expensive. Cameras typically have lenses that need refocusing once the focal length has changed (and therefore strictly speaking are varifocal lenses). As most contemporary still cameras are inclined to have automatic focus, this will not normally be an issue.
Making Your Zoom Last
It helps to back up everything once you've taken the time to get your zoom right. And when you're done, back up again. Then, take a short coffee break and back it up yet again. Believe me, you'll be glad you have a third (or forth) backup someday. Backing up is cheaper than re-shooting a job or recovering dead hard drives. All storage media will fail eventually. Having multiple backups on differing media types (like DVD, hard drives, RAID disks, online archives, etc.) gives you a better chance to have at least a single copy of your images preserved in case of a disaster. Keep in mind that as storage media formats change in the future, you'll need to migrate your images to these new formats. Also, invest in a heavy duty battery backup system and plug your computer and all of your external hard drives into it. The one thing you don't need is getting a power hiccup when you're copying your images from one hard drive to another.
A UPS (uninterrupted power supply) is as useful in urban environments as it is where the power fails often. This device will absorb power spikes or buy you a few minutes to shut down your computer safely if your power goes out. Manage your images only from the image management software. Once you move image files at the desktop level of your computer, you're going to be in a world of hurt. Use your image management program to move, copy and delete your images, or risk the software loosing track of where your images are. Also, consider centralizing where your images are physically stored on your computer system. Backing up from one location is a time saver, and keeping everything on an external hard drive is handy if you need to grab and go.
Many people also use services such as Flickr and Photobucket in order to store all the work that they have put in to capturing their photos. These sites were originally introduced as sharing sites, and the most important thing to know is that if you don't have a premium account, they may not save the full resolution image you upload. The maximum resolution for a free account at either Photobucket or Flickr is 1024x768. Members with premium accounts, however, have access to higher resolution upload limits. My hard drive recently crashed with over 15,000 photos on it. I had photos of many important, special occasions on the drive, but I wasn't worried because I knew I had everything backed up on my external drive. It wasn't until I dropped THAT drive while transferring files to my laptop for safekeeping that I started to worry.
Mac's basic image software, iPhoto, has great editing functions plus the ability to do simply but effectively use RAW editing. It's very fast to work with even when the image collection gets larger. The above are basic functions, but there are many more functions in iPhoto. It's easier than ever to convert your images into digital files using HP photo scanners and HP Photosmart also. With All-in-Ones, the ability to scan slides or negatives is also a special feature included on several HP photo scanners.
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